CSX Ledger-Based Utility Token PHP + MySQL

CryptoSmartX Token Architecture

CSX is an internal ledger-based utility token built around a wallet and immutable transaction ledger architecture.

Every token movement is recorded as a permanent backend transaction. Balances are controlled through ACID-safe wallet updates and are never derived from uncontrolled manual edits.

Core model

Name: CryptoSmartX Token

Symbol: CSX

Type: Internal ledger-based utility token

Backend: PHP + MySQL

Primary architecture

Wallet + Transaction Ledger

Core operations

Reward / Transfer / Burn

Balance model

Controlled wallet updates

Safety layer

PDO Transactions (ACID)

Project Overview

The CryptoSmartX Token is implemented as an internal ledger-based utility token. Every movement of value is written to an immutable transaction log and wallet balances are updated only through controlled backend service methods.

This architecture prioritizes traceability, deterministic balance control, operational safety and backend auditability over ad hoc balance mutation.

Core principle

Every token movement is a transaction first and a balance change second.

The ledger acts as the permanent source of operational truth while wallet balances are adjusted in tightly controlled database transactions.

Token Operations

1. Reward

Creates tokens and assigns them to a wallet.

Function: CsxWalletService::rewardUser()

Flow
SYSTEM
↓
INSERT transaction (reward)
↓
increase wallet balance

2. Transfer

Transfers tokens between two wallets.

Function: CsxWalletService::transferBetweenUsers()

Flow
Sender wallet
↓
INSERT transfer transaction
↓
decrease sender balance
↓
increase receiver balance

3. Burn

Permanently destroys tokens.

Function: CsxWalletService::burnFromUser()

Flow
Wallet
↓
INSERT burn transaction
↓
decrease wallet balance

Database Structure

Table: `csx_wallets`

Stores wallet balances for users.

id	Wallet identifier
user_id	Owner user
current_balance	Current token balance
status	Wallet state
created_at	Creation timestamp
updated_at	Last update timestamp

Table: `csx_transactions`

Immutable ledger of all token operations.

id	Transaction identifier
tx_uuid	Unique transaction UUID
from_wallet_id	Sender wallet
to_wallet_id	Receiver wallet
amount	Token amount
type	reward / transfer / burn
status	Ledger status
reference	Reference key
description	Human-readable context
meta_json	JSON metadata payload
created_by	Initiator
created_at	Creation timestamp

Transaction Types

reward → token mint

transfer → user transfer

burn → token destruction

Metadata System

Transactions can contain additional JSON metadata through the meta_json column.

{
  "source": "admin_test",
  "trigger": "manual_transfer",
  "note": "Test transfer with meta_json"
}

Metadata is decoded automatically in the backend as meta_json_decoded.

Backend Service

Core class: CsxWalletService

wallet creation
balance management
token minting
transfers
burns
transaction logging
metadata handling

Key Methods

getOrCreateWalletByUserId()
getWalletByUserId()
getBalanceByUserId()
rewardUser()
transferBetweenUsers()
burnFromUser()
getTransactionsByUserId()

Transaction Insertion

All ledger writes are centralized through insertTransaction().

Parameters

from_wallet_id
to_wallet_id
amount
type
reference
description
meta_json
created_by

Balance Control

Balance updates are centralized through adjustWalletBalance().

Operators

adjustWalletBalance(walletId, amount, '+')

adjustWalletBalance(walletId, amount, '-')

Balance Validation

Before transfers or burns the system checks hasSufficientBalance().

This ensures the wallet balance is greater than or equal to the requested amount.

Input Validation

Amounts must match the following validation pattern:

/^\d+(\.\d{1,4})?$/

positive values only
maximum 4 decimals
numeric format enforced

Transaction Safety

All token operations use PDO database transactions.

beginTransaction();

try {
    insertTransaction();
    adjustWalletBalance();
    commit();
} catch (\Throwable $e) {
    rollBack();
    throw $e;
}

Auditability

Every token movement creates a permanent record in csx_transactions.

complete token history
audit trail
forensic traceability

Wallet Creation

Wallets are created lazily when a user first interacts with the token system.

Method: getOrCreateWalletByUserId()

Token Supply Model

Minting: rewardUser()
Circulation: transferBetweenUsers()
Deflation: burnFromUser()

Security Design

ACID database transactions
strict input validation
immutable transaction ledger
centralized balance control
audit metadata support

Testing System

admin-csx-reward-test.php
admin-csx-transfer-test.php
admin-csx-burn-test.php
test-csx.php

Example CLI Test

php test-csx.php 1

Returns:

wallet balance
wallet data
last transactions
decoded metadata

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